《柳叶刀-神经病学》(The Lancet Neurology)近日发表一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、概念验证的II期临床试验,旨在探究广谱外周免疫抑制剂硫唑嘌呤在早期帕金森病患者中的临床疗效。研究发现,硫唑嘌呤的总体耐受性良好,但未达到主要终点,可能影响外周及中枢免疫生物标志物及运动症状。识别图中二维码或点击文末阅读原文,查阅原文。
背景
免疫系统与帕金森病的病因及疾病预后相关。尽管目前已有针对帕金森病对症治疗的有效治疗,尚缺乏减缓疾病进展的治疗措施。本研究旨在探究广谱外周免疫抑制剂硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)在早期帕金森病患者中的临床疗效。
方法
在英国剑桥的帕金森病研究诊所开展了一项单中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、概念验证的II期临床试验。纳入年龄为50-80岁,且3年内依据英国帕金森病协会脑库诊断标准确诊帕金森病的患者。通过基于网络的系统,将参与者按1:1比例随机分配至接受口服硫唑嘌呤每日2mg/kg或安慰剂,为期12个月。主要结局为12个月时,意向性治疗人群(包括所有完成基线检查并接受随机分配的患者)在停药状态下(off-state)运动障碍学会统一帕金森病评定量表(Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale,MDS-UPDRS)步态-轴向评分(gait-axial score)相较基线的变化情况。在纳入的所有参与者中进行了安全性评估。采用混合效应重复测量模型评估治疗效果。本研究已在ISRCTN(注册号:14616801)和EudraCT(注册号:2018-003089-14)上注册。
结果
2021年5月13日至2022年7月28日期间,共对78名参与者进行了筛查,其中66人被随机分配至硫唑嘌呤组(n=32)或安慰剂组(n=34),并纳入意向性治疗分析。在66名患者中,23名(35%)为女性,43名(65%)为男性。12个月时,硫唑嘌呤组的MDS-UPDRS步态-轴向评分平均变化为0.54分(SD=2.43),安慰剂组为0.13分(SD=2.09),效应量平均差值为0.438(95%CI:-0.694至1.57;p=0.78)。硫唑嘌呤组报告不良事件159例,安慰剂组为156例。硫唑嘌呤组中有8名参与者(24%)出现了严重不良事件,安慰剂组为4名(12%)。两组最常见的不良事件分别为感染(硫唑嘌呤组20/33例;安慰剂组26/34例)和胃肠道疾病(硫唑嘌呤组19/33例;安慰剂组17/34例)。
解释
在本研究群体中,硫唑嘌呤的总体耐受性良好,但未达到主要终点。探索性分析提示,硫唑嘌呤可能影响外周及中枢免疫生物标志物及运动症状。其潜在的临床效果可能在女性中比男性更加明显,有待未来进一步研究。END
Funding
Cambridge Centre for Parkinson-Plus, Cure Parkinson's, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre.
Declaration of interests
CHW-G has received consultancy payments from Evidera, Mission Therapeutics, and Helicon Bio; speaker fees from GlaxoSmithKline; and travel stipends from the World Parkinson Congress and the Movement Disorders Society. JG has received support for travel and conference fees from Jesus College, Cambridge and from the 2025 ADPD conference; and has received the Milo Keynes award, which included a financial prize, from the School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University (Cambridge, UK). KS has received funding from Guarantors of Brain and the Wellcome Trust; during the conduct of this trial she was employed by Astrazeneca and had employee stock options during the time of employment; has received travel expenses from the Multiple System Atrophy Trust; and is currently employed as a consultant for AC immune, a biotechnology company with trials in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. LS is a senior analyst at the SV Dementia Discovery Fund. EC has received a consultancy payment from Novo Nordisk. All other authors declare no competing interests.